How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells? How do bacteria and archaea differ from each other?
Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, are generally smaller and simpler compared to eukaryotic cells as they lack a nucleus and most other organelles. Despite both being prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea have distinct differences such as in their cell wall compositions and their preferred habitats.
Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells, typified by bacteria and archaea, are usually smaller and simpler. They lack a nucleus and most of the other organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells, which make up all animal and plant life, are larger and more complex, with a nucleus and multiple types of organelles.
Differences between Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall, while most archaea have a wall composed of different compounds. The lipid composition of their cell membranes also differs significantly. Bacteria are usually found in moderate environments whereas archaea are well known for thriving in the most extreme environments on earth, these are also known as extremophiles.