Mole Calculation: Discover the Power of Avogadro's Number

Avogadro's number is a fundamental concept in chemistry, representing the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance. It is approximately 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole.

When calculating the number of particles in a given mass of a substance, we need to consider the molar mass of each substance. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of that substance and is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Let's analyze the options:

1) 4g of lithium:

The molar mass of lithium is about 7 g/mol. With 4g of lithium, we have approximately 0.57 moles, which is equivalent to around 3.43 x 10^23 particles.

2) 4g of chlorine gas (Cl2):

The molar mass of chlorine gas (Cl2) is about 71 g/mol. 4g of chlorine gas gives us roughly 0.06 moles, or approximately 3.61 x 10^22 particles.

3) 4g of hydrogen gas (H2):

The molar mass of hydrogen gas (H2) is approximately 2 g/mol. 4g of hydrogen gas equates to around 2 moles, or roughly 1.20 x 10^24 particles.

4) 4g of water (H2O):

The molar mass of water (H2O) is about 18 g/mol. 4g of water gives us roughly 0.22 moles, or approximately 1.32 x 10^23 particles.

Based on the calculations, we find that 4g of hydrogen gas (H2) contains the greatest number of particles, making it the most abundant in terms of Avogadro's number and molar mass.