What is the Chicago School of architecture and who was its leader?
The Chicago School of architecture was a group of architects and engineers who practiced in Chicago, Illinois in the late 19th century. It is also known as the Commercial style and was led by the first great modern American architect named Louis Henry Sullivan.
The Chicago School of Architecture
The Chicago School of Architecture was a pioneering movement in the late 19th century, characterized by the use of steel and concrete in building construction. This innovative approach allowed for the creation of tall and structurally sound buildings, which were able to accommodate the growing urban population of the time. The school was founded by a group of architects who worked and taught in Chicago, Illinois, and it played a significant role in shaping the landscape of modern architecture.
Louis Sullivan: The First Great Modern American Architect
Louis Henry Sullivan, often credited as the leader of the Chicago School of Architecture, was a visionary architect known for his innovative designs and focus on skyscraper construction. Born in Boston in 1856, Sullivan moved to Chicago in the 1870s and quickly made a name for himself with his unique approach to architecture. He believed in the principle of "form follows function," emphasizing the importance of designing buildings to serve their intended purpose.
Sullivan's Achievements
Sullivan designed several iconic buildings in Chicago, including the Auditorium Building and the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building. His designs were characterized by their incorporation of natural elements and innovative use of materials such as steel and concrete. One of his most famous works is the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Missouri, which is considered a masterpiece of early skyscraper design.
Sullivan's Influence
Louis Sullivan's ideas and work had a profound impact on the field of architecture. His influential essay, "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered," argued for a focus on aesthetics and beauty in tall building design, not just functionality. This philosophy has influenced generations of architects and continues to shape modern architecture today. Sullivan's legacy can be seen in the skyscrapers that define the skylines of cities worldwide, making him a pivotal figure in the development of modern architecture.