DNA Sequencing: Steps and Process Explained

Explanation:

Denaturation: This is the first step in Illumina sequencing where the DNA sample is heated to high temperatures to separate into two strands.

Primer annealing: In this step, primers with complementary base sequences are mixed with the single DNA strands, and bonds form between the DNA strands and primers.

Extension: The final step involves adding DNA polymerase and all four nucleotides (A, T, G, and C). Chain elongation continues until a fluorescent dideoxy nucleotide is incorporated, halting further elongation.