Why are chemotherapeutic agents like methotrexate and cyclophosphamide used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Question:

What is the reason behind using chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate (Trexall) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer:

Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation.

Explanation:

The chemotherapeutic agents methotrexate (Trexall) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) are sometimes used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) because they suppress the immune system. JIA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints causing inflammation and pain. By suppressing the immune system, these medications help reduce the inflammation and relieve symptoms of JIA.

Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are not effective against cancer-like JIA, as JIA is not a cancer. They are also not similar to NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) which are commonly used to treat arthritis. These medications are absorbed into the synovial fluid, which is the fluid that lubricates the joints, where they exert their effects.